Originalbeiträge (Originals). Unterscheidet sich der therapeutische Stil in altershomogenen und altersheterogenen therapeutischen Dyaden?

Does the therapeutic style differ in age-homogeneous and age-heterogeneous therapeutic dyads? BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Differences between age-homogeneous and age-heterogeneous therapeutic dyads have rarely been the subject of research.The present study aimed to investigate differences in therapeutic style (Healing and Stressful Involvement). METHOD: A sample of 527 questionnaires completed by therapists of different ages was available. Therapy style was compared between two patient groups (under 40 and over 65 years old) and three therapist groups (25-39, 40-59, ≥ 60). RESULTS: The results show in particular more stress experienced by younger therapists in the treatment of older patients, while older therapists report less stress.There were no or fewer differences in the treatment of younger patients.The regression-analytical results show that the experience of stress in the therapy of older people is associated with a greater fear of old age. CONCLUSION: Finally, some conclusions are discussed with regard to training and supervision of therapists in the treatment of older people.

[Clinical Judgement and Relational Competence in the Psychotherapy of Older Patients]. / Klinische Urteilsbildung und Beziehungskompetenz in der Psychotherapie älterer PatientInnen.

The negative attitude of psychotherapists towards the treatment of older patients in the past has weakened in the recent past. Nevertheless, the question remains as to how therapists perceive older patients in comparison to younger patients, what clinical judgements they arrive at and how they perceive the relationship with them. In the present study, which was conducted as part of the ÄPP study (Older Patients in Psychotherapy), therapists were asked to assess a self-selected younger (<40 years) or an older patient (>65) with regard to various variables. A total of 527 completed questionnaires were available. Two-factor analyses of variance were used to show, among other things, that younger therapists (compared to their older colleagues) rate older patients more negatively in terms of suitability for psychotherapy, the patient's ability to establish a therapeutic working relationship and other parameters. In comparison with their older colleagues, younger therapists perceive themselves as less competent in their relationships with older patients. There are only slight differences with younger patients.

Quantum Trajectories for Time-Local Non-Lindblad Master Equations.

For the efficient simulation of open quantum systems, we often use quantum jump trajectories given by pure states that evolve stochastically to unravel the dynamics of the underlying master equation. In the Markovian regime, when the dynamics is described by a Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) master equation, this procedure is known as Monte Carlo wave function approach. However, beyond ultraweak system-bath coupling, the dynamics of the system is not described by an equation of GKSL type, but rather by the Redfield equation, which can be brought into pseudo-Lindblad form. Here, negative dissipation strengths prohibit the conventional approach. To overcome this problem, we propose a pseudo-Lindblad quantum trajectory (PLQT) unraveling. It does not require an effective extension of the state space, like other approaches, except for the addition of a single classical bit. We test the PLQT for the eternal non-Markovian master equation for a single qubit and an interacting Fermi-Hubbard chain coupled to a thermal bath and discuss its computational effort compared to solving the full master equation.

Analysis of the elemental species-dependent uptake of lanthanide complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants by LA-ICP-MS.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are found increasingly in different water bodies, making the investigation of their uptake and distribution behavior in plants a matter of high interest to assess their potential effects on the environment. Depending on the used complexing agent, they are classified into linear or macrocyclic GBCAs, with macrocyclic complexes being more stable. In this study, by using TbCl3, Gd-DTPA-BMA, and Eu-DOTA as model compounds for ionic, linear, and macrocyclic lanthanide species, the elemental species-dependent uptake into leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under identical biological conditions was studied. After growing for 14 days on medium containing the lanthanide species, the uptake of all studied compounds was confirmed by means of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Furthermore, the uptake rate of TbCl3 and the linear Gd-DTPA-BMA was similar, with Tb and Gd hotspots colocated in the areas of hydathodes and the trichomes of the leaves. In contrast, in the case of the macrocyclic Eu-DOTA, Eu was mainly located in the leaf veins. Additionally, Eu was colocated with Tb and Gd in the hydathode at the tip of the leave. Removal of the lanthanide species from the medium led to a decrease in signal intensities, indicating their subsequent release to some extent. However, seven days after the removal, depositions of Eu, Gd, and Tb were still present in the same areas of the leaves as before, showing that complete elimination was not achieved after this period of time. Overall, more Eu was present in the leaves compared to Gd and Tb, which can be explained by the high stability of the Eu-DOTA complex, potentially leading to a higher transport rate into the leaves, whereas TbCl3 and Gd-DTPA-BMA could interact with the roots, reducing their mobility.

A salt stress-activated GSO1-SOS2-SOS1 module protects the Arabidopsis root stem cell niche by enhancing sodium ion extrusion.

Soil salinity impairs plant growth reducing crop productivity. Toxic accumulation of sodium ions is counteracted by the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway for Na+ extrusion, comprising the Na+ transporter SOS1, the kinase SOS2, and SOS3 as one of several Calcineurin-B-like (CBL) Ca2 + sensors. Here, we report that the receptor-like kinase GSO1/SGN3 activates SOS2, independently of SOS3 binding, by physical interaction and phosphorylation at Thr16. Loss of GSO1 function renders plants salt sensitive and GSO1 is both sufficient and required for activating the SOS2-SOS1 module in yeast and in planta. Salt stress causes the accumulation of GSO1 in two specific and spatially defined areas of the root tip: in the endodermis section undergoing Casparian strip (CS) formation, where it reinforces the CIF-GSO1-SGN1 axis for CS barrier formation; and in the meristem, where it creates the GSO1-SOS2-SOS1 axis for Na+ detoxification. Thus, GSO1 simultaneously prevents Na+ both from diffusing into the vasculature, and from poisoning unprotected stem cells in the meristem. By protecting the meristem, receptor-like kinase-conferred activation of the SOS2-SOS1 module allows root growth to be maintained in adverse environments.

Canonically Consistent Quantum Master Equation.

We put forth a new class of quantum master equations that correctly reproduce the asymptotic state of an open quantum system beyond the infinitesimally weak system-bath coupling limit. Our method is based on incorporating the knowledge of the reduced steady state into its dynamics. The correction not only steers the reduced system toward a correct steady state but also improves the accuracy of the dynamics, thereby refining the archetypal Born-Markov weak-coupling second-order master equations. In case of equilibrium, we use the exact mean-force Gibbs state to correct the Redfield quantum master equation. By benchmarking it with the exact solution of the damped harmonic oscillator, we show that our method also helps correct the long-standing issue of positivity violation, albeit without complete positivity. Our method of a canonically consistent quantum master equation opens a new perspective in the theory of open quantum systems leading to a reduced density matrix accurate beyond the commonly used Redfield and Lindblad equations, while retaining the same conceptual and numerical complexity.

Transforming Chemical Proteomics Enrichment into a High-Throughput Method Using an SP2E Workflow.

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in the regulation of protein catalytic activity, localization, and protein-protein interactions. Attachment of PTMs onto proteins significantly diversifies their structure and function, resulting in proteoforms. However, the sole identification of post-translationally modified proteins, which are often cell type and disease-specific, is still a highly challenging task. Substoichiometric amounts and modifications of low abundant proteins necessitate the purification or enrichment of the modified proteins. Although the introduction of mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomic strategies has enabled the screening of protein PTMs with increased throughput, sample preparation remains highly time-consuming and tedious. Here, we report an optimized workflow for the enrichment of PTM proteins in a 96-well plate format, which could be extended to robotic automation. This platform allows us to significantly lower the input of total protein, which opens up the opportunity to screen specialized and difficult-to-culture cell lines in a high-throughput manner. The presented SP2E protocol is robust and time- and cost-effective, as well as suitable for large-scale screening of proteoforms. The application of the SP2E protocol will thus enable the characterization of proteoforms in various processes such as neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, and cancer. This may contribute to an overall acceleration of the recently launched Human Proteoform Project.

The potassium channel GhAKT2bD is regulated by CBL-CIPK calcium signalling complexes and facilitates K+ allocation in cotton.

Efficient allocation of the essential nutrient potassium (K+ ) is a central determinant of plant ion homeostasis and involves AKT2 K+ channels. Here, we characterize four AKT2 K+ channels from cotton and report that xylem and phloem expressed GhAKT2bD facilitates K+ allocation and that AKT2-silencing impairs plant growth and development. We uncover kinase activity-dependent activation of GhAKT2bD-mediated K+ uptake by AtCBL4-GhCIPK1 calcium signalling complexes in HEK293T cells. Moreover, AtCBL4-AtCIPK6 complexes known to convey activation of AtAKT2 in Arabidopsis also activate cotton GhAKT2bD in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings reveal an essential role for AKT2 in the source-sink allocation of K+ in cotton and identify GhAKT2bD as subject to complex regulation by CBL-CIPK Ca2+ sensor-kinase complexes.

Clickable report tags for identification of modified peptides by mass spectrometry.

The identification and quantification of modified peptides are critical for the functional characterization of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) to elucidate their biological function. Nowadays, quantitative mass spectrometry coupled with various bioinformatic pipelines has been successfully used for the determination of a wide range of PTMs. However, direct characterization of low abundant protein PTMs in bottom-up proteomic workflow remains challenging. Here, we present the synthesis and evaluation of tandem mass spectrometry tags (TMT) which are introduced via click-chemistry into peptides bearing alkyne handles. The fragmentation properties of the two mass tags were validated and used for screening in a model system and analysis of AMPylated proteins. The presented tags provide a valuable tool for diagnostic peak generation to increase confidence in the identification of modified peptides and potentially for direct peptide-PTM quantification from various experimental conditions.

Involvement of CYP347W1 in neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid-based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae.

Chrysomelina beetlesstore 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pretoxin, isoxazolin-5-one glucoside-conjugated ester, to protect themselves against predators. Here we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP347W1, to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester. Knocking down CYP347W1 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval hemolymph. Enzyme assays with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed free ß-alanine was not the direct substrate. Homology modeling indicated that ß-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1's active site. Furthermore, we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo synthesize 3-NPA, although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-NPA-conjugated ester are present in the eggs. These results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a P. cochleariae chemical defense compound.

AMPylation profiling during neuronal differentiation reveals extensive variation on lysosomal proteins.

Protein AMPylation is a posttranslational modification with an emerging role in neurodevelopment. In metazoans two highly conserved protein AMP-transferases together with a diverse group of AMPylated proteins have been identified using chemical proteomics and biochemical techniques. However, the function of AMPylation remains largely unknown. Particularly problematic is the localization of thus far identified AMPylated proteins and putative AMP-transferases. We show that protein AMPylation is likely a posttranslational modification of luminal lysosomal proteins characteristic in differentiating neurons. Through a combination of chemical proteomics, gel-based separation of modified and unmodified proteins, and an activity assay, we determine that the modified, lysosomal soluble form of exonuclease PLD3 increases dramatically during neuronal maturation and that AMPylation correlates with its catalytic activity. Together, our findings indicate that AMPylation is a so far unknown lysosomal posttranslational modification connected to neuronal differentiation and it may provide a molecular rationale behind lysosomal storage diseases and neurodegeneration.

Lindbladian approximation beyond ultraweak coupling.

Away from equilibrium, the properties of open quantum systems depend on the details of their environment. A microscopic derivation of a master equation (ME) is therefore crucial. Of particular interest are Lindblad-type equations, not only because they provide the most general class of Markovian MEs, but also since they are the starting point for efficient quantum trajectory simulations. Lindblad-type MEs are commonly derived from the Born-Markov-Redfield equation via a rotating-wave approximation (RWA). However the RWA is valid only for ultraweak system-bath coupling and often fails to accurately describe nonequilibrium processes. Here we derive an alternative Lindbladian approximation to the Redfield equation, which does not rely on ultraweak system-bath coupling. Applying it to an extended Hubbard model coupled to Ohmic baths, we show that, especially away from equilibrium, it provides a good approximation in large parameter regimes where the RWA fails.

Protein-AMPylierungs-Identifikation in lebenden Zellen.

Protein AMPylation is a prevalent protein post-translational modification in human cells involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation and neural development. In this article we describe the design, synthesis and application of a pronucleotide probe suitable for in situ fluorescence imaging and chemical protemics profiling of AMPylated proteins. Our probe utilizes straightforward strain-promoted azidealkyne click reaction for fluorescence labeling in living cells.

Renal Function in Patients with or without a Left Ventricular Assist Device Implant During Listing for a Heart Transplant.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation may improve kidney function, but in patients awaiting heart transplantation, the long-term effects of LVAD implantation on renal function and subsequent clinical outcome are unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed data in patients with LVAD implants (n=139) and without LVAD implants (n=1038) who were listed for a heart transplant at our institution between 2000 and 2019. The primary endpoint was an impairment in renal function (decrease of creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] by ≥30%) up to a maximum of 2 years after listing. Secondary endpoints were chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5, heart transplantation, survival during listing, and 1-year survival after transplantation. RESULTS Values for eGFR increased after LVAD implantation (P=0.001) and were higher at the time of waitlisting in the LVAD group than in the non-LVAD group (P=0.002), but were similar between groups at the end of waitlisting (P=0.75). Two-year freedom from renal impairment was 50.6% and 66.7% in the LVAD and non-LVAD groups, respectively, with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for the LVAD versus the non-LVAD group of 1.78 (95% confidence interval 1.19-2.68; P=0.005). Two-year freedom from chronic kidney disease stages 4-5 was similar between study groups (LVAD group: 83.5%; non-LVAD group: 80.1%; =0.50). The 2-year probability of transplantation was slightly lower in the LVAD group than in the non-LVAD group (50.0% and 55.8%, respectively, P=0.017). However, 2-year survival on the waiting list and 1-year survival after transplantation did not differ significantly between study groups (P-values >0.20). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a transient improvement in creatinine-based eGFR values by LVAD implantation without influencing survival.

Clouds and Convective Self-Aggregation in a Multimodel Ensemble of Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Simulations.

The Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP) is an intercomparison of multiple types of numerical models configured in radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). RCE is an idealization of the tropical atmosphere that has long been used to study basic questions in climate science. Here, we employ RCE to investigate the role that clouds and convective activity play in determining cloud feedbacks, climate sensitivity, the state of convective aggregation, and the equilibrium climate. RCEMIP is unique among intercomparisons in its inclusion of a wide range of model types, including atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), single column models (SCMs), cloud-resolving models (CRMs), large eddy simulations (LES), and global cloud-resolving models (GCRMs). The first results are presented from the RCEMIP ensemble of more than 30 models. While there are large differences across the RCEMIP ensemble in the representation of mean profiles of temperature, humidity, and cloudiness, in a majority of models anvil clouds rise, warm, and decrease in area coverage in response to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). Nearly all models exhibit self-aggregation in large domains and agree that self-aggregation acts to dry and warm the troposphere, reduce high cloudiness, and increase cooling to space. The degree of self-aggregation exhibits no clear tendency with warming. There is a wide range of climate sensitivities, but models with parameterized convection tend to have lower climate sensitivities than models with explicit convection. In models with parameterized convection, aggregated simulations have lower climate sensitivities than unaggregated simulations.

Acute whole-body vibration reduces post-activation depression in the triceps surae muscle.

PURPOSE: Acute whole-body vibration (WBV) is known to enhance neuromuscular activation. Especially mechanisms which act presynaptically are discussed to be involved in this modulation, but evidence is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if 2 min of WBV might impact the premotoneuronal mechanism of post-activation depression (PAD). METHODS: PAD in m. soleus was assessed by paired-pulse stimulation in 28 healthy participants prior, 2 min, 4 min and 10 min after 2 min of side-alternating WBV (10 Hz, 2 mm). Methodologies involved electromyography (m. soleus, m. tibialis anterior) and goniometric recordings (ankle, knee joint). H-reflexes were elicited with peripheral nerve stimulation and assessed by means of conditioned H-reflexes (ISI 1 s, Hcond) versus control H-reflexes (ISI10, H). RESULTS: Hcond/H was significantly enhanced by +55% (2 min), +32% (4 min) and +35% (10 min) following WBV (P < 0.05). Baseline muscle activity and joint positions were shown to be reliable (Cronbach's α values >0.990) throughout the testing procedure. CONCLUSION: Vibratory-induced spinal inhibition is accompanied by diminished PAD at the presynaptic terminals which interconnect the Ia afferents with the α-motoneuron. Functionally, the PAD reduction might explain enhanced motor performance following vibration therapy, but future studies will be needed to verify this assumption.

A Pronucleotide Probe for Live-Cell Imaging of Protein AMPylation.

Conjugation of proteins to AMP (AMPylation) is a prevalent post-translational modification (PTM) in human cells, involved in the regulation of unfolded protein response and neural development. Here we present a tailored pronucleotide probe suitable for in situ imaging and chemical proteomics profiling of AMPylated proteins. Using straightforward strain-promoted azide-alkyne click chemistry, the probe provides stable fluorescence labelling in living cells.

Inter-hospital transfer of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted patients: the hub and spoke network.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS) in peripheral hospitals may be challenging when acute mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is not available. Tertiary care centers may provide mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) teams to support the treatment of CS-patients externally. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our single-center experience with a mobile ECMO team focussing on decision-making and survival data of CS-patients retrieved by ECMO support from peripheral hospitals to our tertiary care center between January 2012 and October 2018. RESULTS: A total number of 134 CS-patients have been retrieved by ECMO support to our center within the observation period. Forty-three (32%) died on the acute MCS device, while 59 (44%) patients could be weaned from the acute MCS. Twenty-nine (22%) were bridged to implantation of a durable MCS system and 6 were finally transplanted. The overall 1-year survival was 33%. Interestingly, advanced patient age did not significantly affect survival. CONCLUSIONS: Acute MCS for CS may be provided by experienced mobile teams allowing for retrieval of patients from peripheral hospitals to tertiary care centers. Relatively low survival rates oppose intensive material and human resources. It is therefore mandatory to constantly refine logistics and selection criteria.

Developments in the MPI-M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO2.

A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving the physical processes representation, as well as improving the computational performance, versatility, and overall user friendliness. In addition to new radiation and aerosol parameterizations of the atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding errors in the model's cloud, convection, and turbulence parameterizations were corrected. The representation of land processes was refined by introducing a multilayer soil hydrology scheme, extending the land biogeochemistry to include the nitrogen cycle, replacing the soil and litter decomposition model and improving the representation of wildfires. The ocean biogeochemistry now represents cyanobacteria prognostically in order to capture the response of nitrogen fixation to changing climate conditions and further includes improved detritus settling and numerous other refinements. As something new, in addition to limiting drift and minimizing certain biases, the instrumental record warming was explicitly taken into account during the tuning process. To this end, a very high climate sensitivity of around 7 K caused by low-level clouds in the tropics as found in an intermediate model version was addressed, as it was not deemed possible to match observed warming otherwise. As a result, the model has a climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 over preindustrial conditions of 2.77 K, maintaining the previously identified highly nonlinear global mean response to increasing CO2 forcing, which nonetheless can be represented by a simple two-layer model.

Anaortic off-pump versus clampless off-pump using the PAS-Port device versus conventional coronary artery bypass grafting: mid-term results from a matched propensity score analysis of 5422 unselected patients.

OBJECTIVES: Meta-analyses from observational and randomized studies have demonstrated benefits of off-pump surgery for hard and surrogate endpoints. In some of them, increased re-revascularization was noted in the off-pump groups, which could impact their long-term survival. Therefore, we analyzed the course of all patients undergoing isolated coronary surgery regarding the major cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) criteria. METHODS: A prospective register was taken from a high-volume off-pump center recording all anaortic off-pump (ANA), clampless off-pump (PAS-Port) and conventional (CONV) coronary artery bypass operations between July 2009 and June 2015. Propensity Score Matching was performed based on 28 preoperative risk variables. RESULTS: We identified 935 triplets (N = 2805). Compared with CONV, in-hospital mortality of both the ANA group (OR for ANA [95% CI] 0.25 [0.06; 0.83], P = 0.021), and the PAS-Port group was lower (OR for PAS-Port [95% CI] 0.50 [0.17; 1.32], P = 0.17). In the mid-term follow-up there were no significant differences between the groups regarding mortality (HR for ANA [95%-CI] 0.83 [0.55-1.26], P = 0.38; HR for PAS-Port [95%-CI] 1.06 [0.70-1.59], P = 0.79), incidence of stroke (HR for ANA 0.81 [0.43-1.53], P = 0.52; HR for PAS-Port 0.78 [0.41-1.50], P = 0.46), myocardial infarction (HR for ANA 0.53 [0.22-1.31], P = 0.17; HR for PAS-Port 0.78 [0.37-1.66], P = 0.52) or re-revascularization rate (HR for ANA 0.99 [0.67-1.44], P = 0.94; HR for PAS-Port 0.95 [0.65-1.38], P = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Both off-pump clampless techniques were associated with lower in-hospital mortality compared with conventional CABG. The mid-term course showed no difference with regard to the MACCE criteria between anaortic off-pump, clampless off-pump using PAS-Port and conventional CABG.